Compare the features and functions of different operating systems (M1)
The operating systems I will be comparing are Microsoft
Windows, Mac and Linux Ubuntu. This will explain about the features between the
three operating system about their features and functions. These OS are the
most used OS on PCs worldwide and therefore it would be more beneficial to
compare the most commonly used. Therefore, these three operating systems also
show their strength and also their weaknesses.
The Requirements of each Operating systems:
Windows 10 system requirements:
- Latest
OS: Make sure you're running the latest version—either Windows 7
SP1 or Windows 8.1 Update.
- Processor: 1
gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC
- RAM: 1
gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
- Hard
disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS
- Graphics
card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver
- Display: 800
x 600
Mac OS x system requirements:
- OS X 10.9
or later
- 4GB
of memory
- 12.5GB
of available storage (OS X El Capitan 10.11.5
or later)
- Some
features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
- Some
features require a compatible internet service provider.
Unfortunately, only some of the compatible’s
devices are required in order to use this Operating system.
- MacBook
(Early 2015 or newer)
- MacBook Air
(Mid 2012 or newer)
- MacBook Pro
(Mid 2012 or newer)
- Mac mini
(Late 2012 or newer)
- iMac
(Late 2012 or newer)
- iMac Pro (2017)
- Mac Pro
(Late 2013 or newer)
Ubuntu Linux OS system Requirements:
- 2 GHz
dual core processor.
- 4 GiB
RAM (system memory)
- 25 GB
of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see
LiveCD for an alternative approach)
- VGA
capable of 1024x768 screen resolution.
- Either
a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media.
The Features and the functions of each Operating System:
Microsoft Windows OS
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Apple Mac OSX
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Linux Ubuntu
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User Interfaces:
A new iteration of the Start
menu is used on the Windows 10 desktop, with a list of places and other
options on the left side, and tiles representing applications on the right.
The menu can be resized, and expanded into a full-screen display, which is
the default option in Tablet mode. A new virtual desktop system was added.
A feature known as Task View displays all open windows and allows users to switch between them, or switch between multiple workspaces. Universal apps, which previously could be used only in full screen mode, can now be used in self-contained windows similarly to other programs. Now the Program windows can now be snapped to quadrants of the screen by dragging them to the corner. When a window is snapped to one side of the screen, Task View appears and the user is prompted to choose a second window to fill the unused side of the screen (called "Snap Assist"). Windows system icons were also changed. |
User Interface:
Stacks, a feature introduced in Mac OS X Leopard, now lets users
group desktop files into groups based on file attributes such as file kind,
date last opened, date modified, date created, name and tags.
macOS Mojave features a new Dynamic Desktop that automatically
changes specially made desktop backgrounds (two of which are included)
Mojave introduces "Dark Mode", a Light-on-dark color scheme
that darkens the user interface to make content stand out while the interface
recedes. Users can choose dark or light mode when installing Mojave, or any
time thereafter from System Preferences.
Apple's built-in apps support Dark Mode. App developers can implement
Dark mode in their apps via a public API.
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hardware autoconfiguration: Ubuntu comes with the drivers for most
hardware built-in. Anyone who’s installed a generic version of Windows (i.e.,
not one pre-configured by a PC vendor to work with certain hardware) knows
how nice it is not to have to spend hours hunting around for drivers after
installing the operating system.
|
System Security:
Windows 10 incorporates multi-factor authentication technology based
upon standards developed by the FIDO Alliance. The operating system includes
improved support for biometric authentication through the Windows Hello
platform. Devices with supported cameras (requiring infrared illumination,
such as Intel RealSense) allow users to log in with iris or face recognition,
similarly to Kinect. Devices with supported readers allow users to log in
through fingerprint recognition. Support was also added for palm-vein
scanning through a partnership with Fujitsu. Credentials are stored locally
and protected using asymmetric encryption.
multi-factor authentication was provided by two components: Windows
Hello and Passport.
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System Security:
Safari now limits how websites can fingerprint and track your
activity. Fingerprinting is when a website creates a profile about you which
is generally shared with advertisers. Safari’s Intelligent Tracking
Protection, also included in iOS 12, prevents a lot of this, limiting the
ability of advertisers to display targeted ads when you visit websites. Safari
has also enhanced its tracking protection so websites and cookies can’t
follow you around as you surf the web.
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System Security:
There is no antivirus – security practices in the Windows world are
profoundly contradictory. Many of the same companies that write Windows
software also make millions of dollars selling resource-hogging applications
to protect Windows applications from their security flaws. Ubuntu is by no
means immune to malware, but practically speaking, it’s as secure as it needs
to be for most users out-of-the-box, without any expensive antivirus scanners
added on.
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Command Line:
Win32 console windows (for both PowerShell and the legacy command
prompt) can now be resized without any restrictions, can be made to cover the
full screen by pressing Alt+↵ Enter, and can use standard
keyboard shortcuts, such as those for cut, copy, and paste. Other features
such as word wrap and transparency were also added. These functions can be
disabled to revert to the legacy console if needed.
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Privacy controls:
macOS Mojave includes privacy controls whereby the OS will require
apps to get user approval before granting access to system components, such
as the webcam or microphone, or location data is shared with any application.
Safari now includes Intelligent Tracking Prevention, which prevents social
media companies, websites, and advertisers from tracking your online activity
without your explicit consent.
|
software repositories:
It is being able to install thousands of applications from Ubuntu’s
repositories in a few clicks is a huge plus. Besides the fact that the
software is free and more secure than .exe packages downloaded from random websites,
it’s much more convenient to install programs from a centralized location.
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Tablet mode:
Unlike Windows 8, Windows 10 makes a clear distinction between
desktops and tablets. If you're using a keyboard and mouse with Windows 10,
you'll be in desktop mode by default. If your computer also has a
touchscreen, you can go into tablet mode at any time. Tablet users can also
switch back to desktop mode if they prefer.
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Desktop Stacks:
The Finder has received a new feature called Desktop Stacks. It aids
in organizing files on the Desktop or in any folder by grouping the files
based on type with the click of a button. Users can customize the feature and
sort by file attributes, such as timestamps or metadata tags.
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multiple desktops:
virtual desktops are like tabbed web browsing–you don’t realize how
extraordinarily useful they are until you try them. There are some
third-party tools to achieve the same functionality in Windows, but in my
experience few of them work well, if at all, in Vista and above.
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Action Center:
The new Action Center is pretty different from previous versions of
Windows. For example, it's been expanded to let you access frequently used
settings, such as Wi-Fi connectivity and tablet mode. It's also where you'll
see important notifications, so if your computer receives an update, you'll
get a notification about it here.
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Privacy controls:
macOS Mojave includes privacy controls whereby the OS will require
apps to get user approval before granting access to system components, such
as the webcam or microphone, or location data is shared with any application.
Safari now includes Intelligent Tracking Prevention, which prevents social
media companies, websites, and advertisers from tracking your online activity
without your explicit consent.
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The strength of each Operating system:
Microsoft windows
OS
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Mac OS
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Linux Ubuntu OS
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Lighter and faster operating system.
Windows 10 is the improved speed of the operating system. Not only
does Windows 10 look more modern, it also functions much faster than older
Windows versions. The operating system is more efficient and therefore
requires less processing power from the hardware. The start-up time, time to
load applications and the battery consumption on laptops have all improved
compared to Windows 8 and other former iterations
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Mac OS X's Aqua UI takes up less system resources than Windows's Aero
UI.
There are many reputable manufacturers of Windows laptop and desktop
computers. However, there are also other manufacturers who merely assemble
hardware components from various original equipment manufacturers. Some of
these assemblies have compatibility or optimization issues
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Open source
Ubuntu, is an operating system that stands on an open source license.
This means that the operating system is free to use for anyone, and does not
need to buy a license like the Windows operating system. In addition,
everyone is free to contribute to developing this operating system to be
better in the future.
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Addition of DirectX 12
The improvement within Windows 10 that will be especially welcomed by
gamers is the implementation of DirectX 12. This allows the computer to deal
more efficiently with the calculations that are performed during gaming. The
processor and video card will greatly benefit from this within Windows 10.
This ensures that computer games are graphically displayed in a brilliant way
and that less power is used. DirectX 12 is not available on older versions of
Windows.
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Mac OS X has a better security than Windows and you are much less
likely to get your Mac infected than a PC.
Far fewer security issues exist for macOS nonetheless. Some Mac users
get by just fine without any antivirus apps. This means that this OS is less
susceptible to viruses and malware than Windows
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Drivers are relatively complete.
In addition to applications, sometimes drivers that cannot be
installed perfectly make us hampered in doing our daily work. However, this
is not something you need to worry about because the Ubuntu Linux operating
system has driver support that is growing and broader. In other words, you
don’t need to worry that the driver you installed can’t be used to run the
hardware you have and so on.
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System updates for a longer period.
System updates regularly determine how long an operating system can
still be used by the consumer.
This means, among other things, that no new functions are added to
these operating systems.
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Mac OS X has a simple, easy-to-use interface perfect for the home
user, and powerful enough for the programmers.
Apple also preloads Mac with several apps for creative professionals.
There is the photo-editing app iPhoto and the video-editing app iMovie. Both
apps are intuitive with some degree of advanced functionalities. There is
also the GarageBand app for music production and podcasts.
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The refreshing user interface.
This advantage may be felt by those of you who have been using a
single operating system for a very long time and do not frequently change
with another operating system. The appearance of the Ubuntu interface can be
one of the looks that makes us fresh because of the use of letters, icons,
etc. that are good and can also be changed according to the taste you have
and is one of the differences between Linux and Windows.
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The Weaknesses of each Operating system:
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Microsoft Windows OS
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Mac OS
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Linux Ubuntu OS
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Possible privacy problems
A point of criticism on Windows
10 is the way the operating system deals with sensitive data of the user.
Microsoft is mysterious about the user-data that is collected in Windows 10.
It is known that there are analysis tools that track computer behavior. These
applications are automatically installed in the standard installation and can
be disabled during an advanced installation.
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Mac computers are considerably expensive.
The fact remains that Apple sells expensive computers. This is more
noticeable when comparing the price point of Mac computers with their Windows
counterpart.
For example, 13-inch MacBook pro with Mac Osx Mojave with the price
retail of $1299.00
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The display demands adaptation.
Linux operating system, an adaptation stage is needed to adapt to the
interface appearance provided. Not only that, they also have to learn in
advance about the terminal, root, and various other problems that might not
have been thought of when they use other operating systems such as Windows.
In some cases, this can make it difficult for users who want to have an easy
first experience.
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Compatibility
Problems with the compatibility of software and hardware can be a
reason to not switch to Windows 10. Especially older programs and games may
no longer work on this latest operating system from Microsoft.
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App ecosystem is still lack of application software demands.
Windows has more software or
applications. Developers, especially small and independent software
companies, often consider building software for Windows first because of
greater reach.
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Less suitable for gaming.
The next drawback that might be felt by those who want to play games
on their laptop is a gaming application that can be said to be very little
made on the Linux platform.
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Lost applications
Windows Media Center enthusiasts might be slightly disappointed with
Windows 10. This popular program is no longer available on Windows 10.
Furthermore, there is no standard DVD player available after the installation
process. Also Windows Photo Viewer is removed in this version. Of course,
substitutes such as VLC exist and can be downloaded easily.
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Inflexible when it comes to hardware upgrades.
A standard Mac computer cannot be upgraded easily because most of its
hardware components are integrated both at a design and engineering levels. Which
means you cannot upgrade it even though you have a stronger purposes.
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Applications are relatively few when compared with other operating
systems.
Linux Ubuntu that may be felt by users is the number of applications
that are relatively less when compared with other operating systems that they
might have tried such as the Windows operating system. This is because
application development requires a lot of time so developers usually tend to
focus on one type of application on one operating system only.
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